Lesson Two
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Scott - 31 May 2009 01:18 GMT Some improvement with level turns today, but not enough better, just can't seem to get enough elevator in. I confessed that I might have got too "book smart" about lift and load factors, and might be scared of getting into a stall with too much elevator. So we bagged that part of the lesson and climbed up a bit to do a couple of stalls. They're fun! Riding through them really illustrated just how far from stalling we were in those level turns, and I'm looking forward to working them some more.
Some improvement with the rudder, too. I still get on it late in a turn, but I *am* beginning to notice and make the correction, meaning that my ability to divide my attention is improving. I've found that I can keep us going fairly straight during the takeoff roll, and that's nice to know. On final I'm not even -thinking- about the rudder, but I expect that to improve. Apparently I have some anxiety about landing, but after flying four approaches I can already feel it easing.
I'm also learning to relax on the yoke a little. All of my flying so far has been in bumpy air, and I was working awfully hard to keep the wings level. Turns out that the airplane doesn't need constant attention, just a nudge when a trend starts to develop. That's something I read before, but I guess it takes experience to believe it.
Next we did some constant rate climbs and descents. Yuck. I thought the turbulence was making it hard to nail down and said so. My instructor conceded the point, he was having trouble making a decent demonstration of it himself. I will definitely try a few after-sunset flights to see if calmer air will help me understand; it's hard to figure out what's going on when I can't tell whether it's me or the wind that's moving the airplane around.
Next, more approach work! I'm getting incrementally better with speed control, can't remember the landing checklist for jack, and need to work on runway alignment. We were using runway 16 with a nice little 12kt breeze from 180, just enough to be interesting and show me why ground reference maneuvers are important.
Oh, yes -- the artificial leg. I thought I'd try wearing it today, thinking I'd see if it improved my rudder work. That did not work out. The 172N I'm flying is older than the one I had for my discovery flight, the door and seat geometry is different, and I just could *not* get into the airplane wearing my leg! So, me being me, I took out the allen wrench I'd brought, unbolted my leg from the knee down and threw it in the back seat. That's always good for getting a laugh out of your flight instructor.
But while I had it there and unbolted, I had a chance to see how the foot and ankle interact with the rudder pedal. I saw that with the ankle fixed at 90 degrees as it is, my knee would actually have to be under the seat before I could actuate the rudder without hitting the brake as well. I've no idea how I could possibly manage a left crosswind landing that way.
So today I got in more one-legged taxi practice, and did OK. I still go slow, much to my embarrassment when another airplane is waiting patiently at the hold-short, but managed to complete all of our taxi maneuvers without assistance. So some progress there.
The syllabus says that next up is more approach-type flight. I expect there'll be quite a lot of that.
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Mike Ash - 31 May 2009 03:44 GMT > Some improvement with level turns today, but not enough better, just can't > seem to get enough elevator in. I confessed that I might have got too "book [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > them really illustrated just how far from stalling we were in those level > turns, and I'm looking forward to working them some more. This is funny. When I started reading your message, I got to the first part of this paragraph and thought, "tell him he should just try some stalls, and then he won't be afraid anymore". Looks like you're way ahead of me there. It sounds like you have the perfect attitude for improving your skills: if something scares you or trips you up, you go out and confront it and fix it. This will take you far.
(Incidentally, in most gliders it's not possible to stall the thing in more than a 20-30 degree bank with the nose in a normal attitude, because there is not enough elevator authority to reach a stall with the extra load factor. Anyone know if the same is true for your typical single engine piston craft?)
> I'm also learning to relax on the yoke a little. All of my flying so far > has been in bumpy air, and I was working awfully hard to keep the wings > level. Turns out that the airplane doesn't need constant attention, just a > nudge when a trend starts to develop. That's something I read before, but I > guess it takes experience to believe it. Much of learning to fly, it seems, is simply learning to relax and have a light touch. (That's trickier than it sounds, of course, because you need to have the *right kind* of light touch for it to work. Still, that's the goal.)
> Next we did some constant rate climbs and descents. Yuck. I thought the > turbulence was making it hard to nail down and said so. My instructor [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > when I can't tell whether it's me or the wind that's moving the airplane > around. This is an example of another reason why I like reading your posts: they show me interesting aspects of powered flying that I either forgot about from my long-ago crack at it or that I wasn't exposed to. For me, a constant-rate climb means centering the thermal so that my vario beeps the same tone at me all the way around the circle!
Anyway, congratulations on your continued progress and please keep posting these reports, they are most enjoyable to read.
 Signature Mike Ash Radio Free Earth Broadcasting from our climate-controlled studios deep inside the Moon
Scott - 01 Jun 2009 03:08 GMT >(Incidentally, in most gliders it's not possible to stall the thing in >more than a 20-30 degree bank with the nose in a normal attitude, >because there is not enough elevator authority to reach a stall with the >extra load factor. Anyone know if the same is true for your typical >single engine piston craft?) I'm fuzzy on the relationship between airspeed, load factor, and critical AoA. Right now I've got "you can't stall it in a turn" for maneuvers over the training area, and "don't stall it in a turn" during slow flight to final. Sounds like a good topic for discussion with my FI.
>Anyway, congratulations on your continued progress and please keep >posting these reports, they are most enjoyable to read. Thank you for saying so, Mike. I got a lot of inspiration from others posting their training experience (thanks, Phil!) and hope to return the favor.
I've also found that the process of writing is helping me to think through each lesson and understand the essential elements of it. So far I've ended each flight in sensory overload; my FI's postflight briefings might just as well be a Jabberwocky recital, for all the sense I can make of them at the time. A few hours' rest and some time to think it over make a big difference. I trust that this, too, will improve with time and experience.
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Mark Hansen - 01 Jun 2009 03:35 GMT >>(Incidentally, in most gliders it's not possible to stall the thing in >>more than a 20-30 degree bank with the nose in a normal attitude, [quoted text clipped - 4 lines] > I'm fuzzy on the relationship between airspeed, load factor, and critical > AoA. Just remember that as the load factor goes up, so does your stall speed.
Just think about how much lift is needed to hold the airplane up in the air. When the load factor goes up, more lift is needed. How do you create more lift (assuming a constant airspeed)? Higher angle of attack.
If course you can only increase the angle of attack so far before the wing stalls. So, at a certain load factor, what would have been a reasonable flying speed will now result in a stall.
> Right now I've got "you can't stall it in a turn" for maneuvers over I assume what you mean is that you're being told not to stall in that situation, not that the airplane can't stall in that situation :-)
> the training area, and "don't stall it in a turn" during slow flight to > final. Sounds like a good topic for discussion with my FI. Right. Practicing stall characteristics is a good idea. Practicing them when low to the ground is a no-no (in the biggest sense) :-)
>>Anyway, congratulations on your continued progress and please keep >>posting these reports, they are most enjoyable to read. > > Thank you for saying so, Mike. I got a lot of inspiration from others > posting their training experience (thanks, Phil!) and hope to return the > favor. Well, these posts are good for all, not just those now going through training.
> I've also found that the process of writing is helping me to think through > each lesson and understand the essential elements of it. So far I've ended > each flight in sensory overload; my FI's postflight briefings might just as > well be a Jabberwocky recital, for all the sense I can make of them at the > time. A few hours' rest and some time to think it over make a big > difference. I did the same thing - although I didn't post them. Not because I didn't want to share, but mine included lots of internal dialog, etc., which wouldn't have been very interesting reading. The brain dumps did help, however. It really amazed me just how much I could remember about what happened that day just by relaxing, sitting at my desk and writing.
> I trust that this, too, will improve with time and experience. Well, yes - until you start Instrument Training :-)
... just kidding. I had a lot of fun with my Instrument Training. But I'm feeling much better now ;-)
 Signature Mark Hansen, PP-ASEL, Instrument Airplane, USUA Ultralight Pilot Cal Aggie Flying Farmers Sacramento, CA
Mike Ash - 01 Jun 2009 17:01 GMT > >(Incidentally, in most gliders it's not possible to stall the thing in > >more than a 20-30 degree bank with the nose in a normal attitude, [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > the training area, and "don't stall it in a turn" during slow flight to > final. Sounds like a good topic for discussion with my FI. Put simply (and I hope someone will jump in and correct me if I'm wrong), load factor acts just like weight, and the airspeed at which you reach the critical AoA goes up with the square root of your weight. So if your load factor is 1.4, it's like you weigh 40% more than normal. Square root of 1.4 is about 1.2, so your stall speed is 20% higher than normal.
There's an added complication for you guys with those spinning things up front, which is that (I think!) prop wash will increase your elevator authority beyond what you'd otherwise get.
In my club's trainers I can't even stall them while level if I approach it too slowly. If I gradually reduce airspeed, I'll end up with the stick against the back stop, the glider flying along very slowly but above stall, and that's that. I have to pick up speed, use that speed to get the nose up, then hold it high and let it stall from there. The CG is far forward (but still within limits) with my fat a.s up front and there just isn't enough elevator to overcome that.
 Signature Mike Ash Radio Free Earth Broadcasting from our climate-controlled studios deep inside the Moon
Roger (K8RI) - 29 Jun 2009 18:53 GMT >>(Incidentally, in most gliders it's not possible to stall the thing in >>more than a 20-30 degree bank with the nose in a normal attitude, >>because there is not enough elevator authority to reach a stall with the >>extra load factor. Anyone know if the same is true for your typical >>single engine piston craft?) This is getting a bit old, but most of the prop planes I've flown could be stalled in almost any attitude.
>I'm fuzzy on the relationship between airspeed, load factor, and critical >AoA. Right now I've got "you can't stall it in a turn" for maneuvers over [quoted text clipped - 14 lines] >time. A few hours' rest and some time to think it over make a big >difference. I trust that this, too, will improve with time and experience.
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